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solely those of the hosts and their guests, and not
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What's working on Purpose? Anyway? Each week we ponder the
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answer to this question. People ache for meaning and purpose
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at work, to contribute their talents passionately and know their
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lives really matter. They crave being part of an organization
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that inspires them and helps them grow into realizing their
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highest potential. Business can be such a force for good
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in the world, elevating humanity. In our program, we provide
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guidance and inspiration to help usher in this world we
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all want Working on Purpose. Now, here's your host, doctor
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Elise Cortez.
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Welcome back to the Working on Purpose program, which has
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been brought to you with passionate pride since February of
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twenty fifteen. Thanks for tuning in again this week. Great
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to have you. I'm your host, doctor Elise Cortes. If
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we've not met before and you don't know me, I'm
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an organizational psychologist and logo therapist, speaker and author. My
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team and I at gusto Now help companies in liven
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and fortify their operations by building a dynamic, high performance
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culture and inspirational leadership activated by meaning and purpose. You
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can learn more about us and how we can work
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together at gustodesh now dot com or my personal site,
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Atliscortes dot com. Now getting in today's program, We have
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with us today doctor Christopher Wong Michaelson, a philosopher with
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twenty five years of experience advising business leaders, pursuing meeting
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and providing work with a purpose. He is the Barbara
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and David A. Cook Coach, Endowed Chair in Business Ethics
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and Academic director of the Melrose and the Toro Company
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Center for Principal Leadership at the University of Saint Thomas
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and the Business and Society Faculty for NYU's Stern School
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of Business. Also we have with this doctor Jennifer Tossti Karus,
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who is the Camellia Latino Spinelli Endowed Term Chair and
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Professor of Management at Abson College. She teaches researchers and
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coaches others about what it means to craft a meaningful
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career and appreciate that risks and rewards of work as
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a calling. Together, we have written is Your Work Worth It?
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How to think about meaningful work, which will be talking
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about on today's podcast. Christopher Joins is from Minneapolis and
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Jennifer Joines from Boston. Christopher and jen Welcome to Working
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on Purpose.
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Thank you so much. At least, we're so happy to
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be here.
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I'm glad that you were recruitable and I reached out
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to you when I saw your beautiful book and I
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was like, this is solid fodder for Working on Purpose.
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I have got to have them. So thank you for
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saying yes.
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Thank you so much for asking us.
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Welcome. Welcome. So since our listeners and viewers have not
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missed you the way that I have, because I read
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my guest books to cover as you now know, and
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I know something about both of you, but they don't.
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So let's just if we could open with each of
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you talking a little bit about your background. And how
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you found your way into academia because that wasn't your
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original start.
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Yeah. Absolutely, I'm happy to start. So I was an
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undergraduate business major and I thought I would definitely go
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into either management consulting or investment banking. But along the way,
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I was a TA for a class, and that's where
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I really got this academic bug. I really really wanted
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to get experience on the other side of the classroom.
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I knew what being a student was like, but I
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didn't know what being a professor was like. I then
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went on to become a management consultant, living and working
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in New York City doing strategy consulting and traveling a lot,
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and it was all very exciting. But after the nine
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to eleven attacks, like many New Yorkers, I reconsidered what
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am I doing and why and decided to apply for
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a PhD program in management in organizational behavior, which is
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my field. So I have a lot of training in
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organizational psychology and the rest is history. From there, I
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went on to become a full time professor, scholar, teacher,
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and author.
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Love it. There's some interesting similarities there, Christopher.
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So our experiences converged in New York City around nine
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to eleven, and we both changed careers after nine to
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eleven within a year or two. But otherwise my journey
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is pretty much the exact opposite. I was a philosophy
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major as an undergraduate, and I never gave even a
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thought to management consulting or investment banking. Those meant nothing
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to me whatsoever. But I wanted to make a difference
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in the real world. And I realized after getting a
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PhD in philosophy, where I could study the meaning of life,
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that I didn't really want to be in an insular
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philosophy department studying smaller questions than the meaning of life.
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I wanted to make a difference in the real world.
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And so I actually helped launch a business ethics advisory
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practice in one of the large management consulting firms, and
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that's how I ended up in the same place around
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the same time in New York City as Jen. And
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then it was just sort of by luck and happenstance
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that I got asked to teach what I was consulting
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in back in academia, and I went back into academia,
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and this was our first research project together, studying the
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meaning of work in the lives of nine to eleven victims.
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Which was beautiful how you write about it in your
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book really beautiful. I will just quickly say that to
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piggyback off both of your stories. A part of my
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reason for getting a PhD, which we will get into later,
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was it was probably my best reaction to my early
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onset midlife crisis. And I also studied meaning and work
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and identity actually earlier on, which is what kind of
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got me to this camp. So three of us have
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some very interesting overlaps here. Now, what did in factor
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in for me really per se into my journey except
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that I was on the West coast for it was
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nine to eleven. So what I love to do next,
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I really appreciate what you've done in your book is
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you've situated how both nine to eleven and the COVID
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nineteen pandemic really situated or changed a lot of things
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in relation to how we think about our lives, well,
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from our lives and from our work. So if you
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could talk about each of those as separate incidences and
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how they did impact us, especially from in the realm
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of work.
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Yeah, So the nine to eleven attacks were, among other things,
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a workplace tragedy. The vast majority of those who died
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in the attacks died at work, either at the Twin
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Towers or as first responders sort of coming in to
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the Twin Towers, many of whom, by the way, were
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off duty but just couldn't couldn't not help. So in
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the wake of those attacks, people have a mortality salience,
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as we say in psychology, where suddenly they become aware
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of the fact that they will die and that it
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may not happen on the timetable that they might expect.
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So suddenly it becomes this existential question of how am
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I spending my time? You know, how I spend my
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days is how I spend my weeks, months, years, and
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then ultimately my life. And the saying is no one
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on their deathbed ever wishes they spend more time at
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the office. But the fact is we all spend a
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lot of time at work. For some of us, it's
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the majority of our waking hours are spent at work.
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So to not contemplate what role work plays, you know,
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it's it's just a big way to make a change
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your life, to make life potentially more meaningful or maybe
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less meaning less, is the way to say it. And
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so something then very similar happened in COVID, where we saw,
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for example, the Great Resignation, where people said, again, life
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is too short to do a job where I don't
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see an impact or I'm not getting at the very
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least what i want from the work that i'm doing.
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And so even though these were very different types of events,
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the impact was sort of similar. And Christopher and I
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sometimes say we wrote the book so that absent a
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gigantic global crisis, people would ask these deep existential questions.
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It shouldn't have to take a crisis to make us
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ask these deep existential questions about what we're doing for
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work and why.
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So appreciate that. What a beautiful explanation. So then I
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want to go on and situate really why as you
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situate why you wrote the book, So you say, this
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book is not going to tell you what to do
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with your work, but it is going to tell you
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to do the work that is worth it, whatever that
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may be. It is about the priority of work worth
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doing in a life worth living that is like just
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for me, where it's at.
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Well, you know, Jen was talking about post nine to eleven,
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and people who are alive back then might remember that
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we were exhorted to go back to work on September twelfth.
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Don't let the terrorists win. They wanted to shut down
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our economy, they wanted to shut down our organizations, and
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so the best thing that we could do was to
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show up. And to this day, nine to eleven, despite
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it being a day of mourning, is not a holiday,
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because it's a day on which we show up to work.
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But then after the pandemic, or during the pandemic, I
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think there were at least two classes of people who
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were thinking in different ways about work. There were the
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office workers or sort of privileged professors like us, who
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could still do their work from the comfort of their homes,
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and in some sense, we're thinking, this is kind of
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a nice gig, you know. I get to wear my
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pajama bottoms while I'm working and take a break in
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the middle of the day, and my dogs are nearby,
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my family's nearby. But then they were the people who
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had to show up on the front lines, and oftentimes
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their work was worth the least in terms of the
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economic value that it was assigned, but arguably worth the
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most with regard to how urgent it was. Maybe there's
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a third group of employees that I didn't think about,
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which was people who were involunteer fairly out of work.
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So it just led everybody to sort of reassess what
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is work worth doing in a life worth living? And
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those questions, as Jen said, are salient after a terrorist attack,
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during a pandemic, or any time.
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I think it's worth noting that you have a whole
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chapter devoted to the answering the question what is work?
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So would you help us understand how you describe what
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is work?
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Yeah? I like to joke here that philosophers can spend
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we could spend literally the rest of this podcast with
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philosophers debating what is work? So Christopher, and so that's
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why I'm taking this question and also why we tried
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to be really specific in the book about what do
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we mean when we say work. The very simplest definition
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that sort of applies is what we tend to think
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of as paid employment. I mean, what comes to someone's
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mind when we say work is probably what we mean.
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But we get a little bit more specific than that.
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We say work is that which is effortful, purposeful. And
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this is the key recognized by society generally as work,
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and a key distinction here is something like housework, raising children,
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doing the chores around the house. When we do it
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for ourselves, it is not societally recognized as work, even
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though we know it is very effortful and very purposeful. Right,
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But when someone we pay someone to do it for us,
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then it becomes work, and so certainly one can. And
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you know, people have quibbled with such definitions about what
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counts as work, and I'm not sure our societal definitions
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always get it right. But for our purposes, we're trying
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to take it as you know, what we would generally
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consider to be paid employment generally fits with what we
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mean when we are talking about work in the.
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Book, even though we recognize the ridiculousness of letting tax
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policy makers decide what work is.
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Yeah, I know, I remember you have some examples in
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your book, like, for example, you know, if somebody were
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to come into your house and clean it for you,
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that is payable work. But if you do it yourself,
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it's not considered work, right, which is fascinating. So I've
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just really had to have you distinguish this idea of
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what is work. Let's go on to then why do
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we work? Boy? There is a multitude of reasons why
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we work, and I also coded for that too when
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I did my research Why do we work?
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Jim, I'm going to let you answer this one because
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this is the based on the research of your dissertation advisor.
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Yeah, absolutely so. I mean we work for reasons that
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are b beyond this typology that I'm about to say
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that was developed by my dissertation advisor. But Amy Resneski,
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who I was lucky to work with when I was
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getting my PhD. I know of her, Yes, I review